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Intern@tional Information n°58/59December 23 and 30, 2003 CONTENT: Introduction Testimonies (10 countries) A proposed questionnaire Their Europe lies in Rubble – A complete reassessment of American policy towards Europe France Open letter to the Labour MP’s Great Britain The regime clings to the EU Spain An interview of Klaus Schüller Germany To keep the gains of the April 1974 revolution Portugal Against privatisations. The federation of public services against the European “Constitution” Switzerland North/South worker unity Italy Rift within the PS Belgium. For another referendum Sweden An interview in Kiev Ukraine The destructive European Union France International campaign in solidarity with Romanian unionists Romania Subscription IntroductionThe European “Constitution” lies in rubble! More than ever: repeal the Maastricht treaty, the European Union, the directives from Brussels! For the free union of Europe’s free peoples. In this special issue of International Information, we are publishing letters on the campaign that has been going on in European countries since the Paris September 20th and 21st European Encounter to say NO to the European “Constitution”, in defence of labour rights, for the sovereignty of nations. The December 12th and 13th 2003 intergovernmental conference that was meant to adopt the European draft constitution ended on a failure to do so. The resolution merely reads: “The European Council observed that the intergovernmental conference was unable to reach a general agreement on the draft constitution. The Irish presidency is requested to consult and conclude on the advances that will have been realised and report to the European Council by next March”. That is a major crisisIn the present issue, you will find a first analysis from “Informations Ouvrières” the French weekly, on the causes of this failure that expresses how tightly dependent on American imperialism European institutions are. Even before the intergovernmental Conference met, after a paltry two hours’ discussion, the December 12th 2003 session of the European Council unanimously adopted 94 points that simply follow up on the policy of deregulation, privatisation and threats on democracy on which all the chiefs of states have agreed, with or without a European “Constitution”. The on-going struggles across Europe against European directives, against the threat of the “European Constitution” afford a necessary leverage to realise the unity in favour of the sovereignty of nations, for defending and reclaiming labour rights and democracy. Shall we not pursue and extend this campaign in each one of our countries to claim: The so-called European “Constitution” has been shattered. More than ever, repeal the Maastricht Treaty, repeal European directives, reclaim our rights, reclaim public services, reclaim democracy. Let us fight for the free union of Europe’s free peoples. To that end, we propose that in each one of our country we draw the balance sheet of 12 years of deregulation since the Maastricht treaty was signed implementing European directives. To help you do so, a proposed questionnaire is featured in this issue of “International Information”. Through our answers, we shall be able to establish the indictment against the Europe of Maastricht and all the governments that have submitted to it. Labour militants from 10 countries bring their testimonies from Sweden to Italy, from Ukraine to Portugal, they explain how, in their respective countries, people are fighting the European directives, the European “Constitution”, and their aftermath of regionalisation, privatisations, outsourcing. Down with the Europe of Regions, held in bondage by the United States. Down with the Europe of lay-offs, poverty and destruction. Up with the free union of Europe’s free peoples! Now that the failure of the summit of chiefs of states and governments of the European Union opens up a major crisis, the struggles waged across Europe against European directives, the first regroupings against the threatened European “Constitution” offer necessary leverage to achieve the unity for the sovereignty of nations the defence of labour rights against the ruin of the bases of civilisation in all European nations. This special issue of “International Information” has been realised with the collaboration of editorial teams of: Informations ouvrières (France) The Link (Great Britain) Informacion Obrera (Spain) Soziale Politik & Demokratie (Germany) O Militante socialista (Portugal) Le Journal (Switzerland) Tribuna Libera (Italy) La Tribune des Travailleurs (Belgium) Na Borbou! (Ukraine) And also the collaboration of the activists that supported or participated in the European Encounter of September 20th and 21st 2003 in Paris.
A proposition of the International Liaison Committee of Workers and Peoples to the liaison bureau, to all the activists, groups, organisations that participated in or supported the European Encounter of September 20th and 21st 2003 in Paris. During the September 20th and 21st European Encounter, together we decided to start a campaign to say NO to the European Constitution. The campaign helped us raise the issue in the whole labour movement. Today, the crisis that came into the full light of the December 12th and 13th European summit under American pressure, brings home the necessity to swerve slightly our course across Europe. The crisis is now here for everyone to see, but meanwhile, the European Commission unswervingly continues dismantling all the national legislations; ample proof is brought by the conclusions of the European summit with 94 items that mark further steps taken towards privatisation and deregulation as well as the decisions taken by the European Commission just after the European summit. All those brutal decisions of the European Commission were taken to implement the Maastricht and Amsterdam treaties and all the related directives. Shouldn’t we slightly alter the wording of our campaign across Europe and say “Repeal the Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and European Union treaties, and the Brussels directives!” “Up with the free union of Europe’s free peoples”. In this framework this is what we propose: shouldn’t we lead an in-depth inquest throughout Europe on the balance sheet and the consequences of a decade-long implementation of European directives since Maastricht? A rally to be held in Paris has been called by the Workers’Party on those slogans. The rally could afford the opportunity of centralising the first results of this inquest such as you will have been able to conduct it. The following questionnaire is meant to help you find the facts for this inquest. Questionnaire1.- Destroying industrial jobs How many jobs have been lost in industry these last ten years, especially in the large productive sectors (steel industry, mines, ship-building, car industry and so on)? More precisely, can you specify the jobs that have been lost as a direct result of implementing European decisions such as banning states from financially helping industries (on behalf of the Maastricht principle of free competition)? As an example, refer to Alstom; in that case, the EC forbade the French state to bring fresh capital and demanded a much fiercer restructuring and downsizing plan than was previously scheduled.
In the name of free, unhindered competition, European directives have been multiplied for ten years to “open up to competition”, actually to privatise the sectors of telecommunication, Post office, surface and air transports, gas and electricity and numerous others. What have been the consequences of those directives especially as far as job losses and loss of those public services that are related (for instance: closed post offices) increased costs and revamping the status of concerned staff members? 3 Slashed budgets and wage cuts…The Maastricht treaty adopted the convergence criteria (deficit not exceeding 3% of the GDP and not more than 60% public debt), then, on that basis, the Amsterdam Treaty adopted the Stability Pact. To implement those, the governments have, these ten years, slashed all the budgets (targeting Healthcare, Education and so on) while freezing wages. Give facts and examples. 4. Cutting on corporate dues, cutting taxes on low wages, cutting corporate taxes and so on. In the name of the In the name of the broad economic orientations as guidelines for employment, using “competitiveness” as a pretext, the European summits of the Brussels Commissions have for years ordered Member States to give corporate social dues and corporate taxes a sharp downturn. As a result: indirect taxation (VAT) that mostly hits wage earners, is rising sharply. The result of those decisions is to slash the social safety nets and weigh down the deficit and debts of states. Can you give figures that exemplify the extent of the measures that have been taken? 5. Price increase in the Euro Zone. Last November, even Eurostat, the official Brussels assessing body, had to acknowledge that prices had gone up over 2% a year. Those are official figures. What has the actual rise been since the Euro came into force? 6. Deregulation and flexibility Especially since the 1997 Luxemburg summit, confirmed by the March 2000 Lisbon summit, and the yearly guidelines for employment that Member States are responsible for transposing into national action programmes for employment, the European Commission has imposed flexibility, calculating work-time over a yearly period, imposing unorthodox labour contracts. In this general framework, the rules of collective bargaining, especially the national framework is under threat. Can you give details? 7. Social welfare Here again, every year, the guidelines for employment emphasise what is called “activating unemployment benefit passive spending” in other words, drastically cutting unemployment benefits to urge laid-off workers to accept just any petty or casual job. Implementing the European decisions, all the European governments have taken volleys of measures, sometimes making use of inter professional agreements signed by the employers and trade unions, in order to bring down unemployment benefits. By the same token, a fierce onslaught took place across Europe against retirement pension benefits (in order to implement, the decisions of the March 2002 Barcelona summit, among others). Can you give details? 8. University and research sectors European harmonisation of degrees; a broad European framework project that targets any free and independent research work and brings factual privatisation. What can you say? 9 The Europe of regionsOne of the main vehicles of European policy is the breaking up of any national norm. In that respect, regional European funds play a key role. What details? 10. Trade union jointism. After the social protocol that was attached to the Maastricht treaty had become a chapter on the social policy of the Amsterdam treaty, the ETUC has been granted the role of co-legislator: concerning labour laws, the agreements it signs with European employers have become European directives. Especially, two agreements have been transposed practically everywhere in Europe: the agreement driving towards developing part-time labour and the one developing short-term contracts. What are the con sequences? At the same time, there was an agreement on on-line work that, even if it did not achieve European directive status, is to be transposed by “national social partners”. What information do you have about that? 11. Armed forces A drive towards professional troops acting as NATO auxiliaries and a plan to end any army based on draft. 12 Agriculture and fisheriesWhat is the balance sheet of the common agriculture policy and fishing quotas these ten years? 13 Modifications of political regimes and rights and liberties. This points caps all the previous ones. In many countries, constitutional reforms have been introduced to make national laws fit into European demands (that is especially the case for the ten new countries). In many countries, the result has been many measures taken against liberties, the rights of parties and so on. What facts can you give? 14. Measures against working women’s specific rights and so on 15 Others details. --------------- Their Europe lies in rubbleFrance: excerpts from “Informations ouvrières”, the Workers’ Party weekly America’s iron grasp…Once again, we are given the proof that there is no solution outside the independent struggle of the oppressed and the exploited. Except if one considers that the arrogance shown by president Bush- who is certainly not to be identified with the American people – has anything to do with democracy. Once again, facts bring the proof that democracy and imperialism, democracy and the Bush government are incompatible. From that standpoint and if we start from those facts, meaning the place of imperialism, it is interesting to observe that the arrest of Saddam Hussein (Satruday December 13th) and the “failure” of the intergovernmental conference on the same day are more than a coincidence. The failure of the conference (whatever the events that came after) would allegedly have been caused by “the posture of Poland and Spain”, those playing into Bush’s hand. Even a casual observer will notice that the intergovernmental conference failed to come to an agreement because of American pressure. The USA cannot tolerate anything than a Europe playing poodle to it; it has pushed for this long but not hard enough for its liking. By the same token, neither Saddam Hussein, nor any of the “chiefs of states” in the Near- or Middle East would be capable of leading any significant struggle against imperialist oppression. It is worth noting here that Saddam Hussein was the USA’s faithful ally in an eight-year-long war with Iran. Hundreds of thousand Iraqi and Iranian people’s lives were sacrificed on the altar of that war. The Yankee iron grasp over Europe is materialised for instance by imposing a low-value dollar to make American products cheaper to export and grab at competitor markets. The lower the dollar is compared with the euro, the worse problems are for euro-zone enterprises whose exporting capacities are still bound to the value of the dollar. In that respect, are things very different in Iraq which American leaders have decided to make an out-of-bounds zone for European “enterprises”? Are we going too far when we consider that, the near downfall of the Brussels Europe -whether it comprises 15 or 25 member states – linked with a drive to destroy its national components under American pressure on the one hand, and the determination of the Pentagon-led “coalition” to batter the Iraqi nations to bits, on the other hand, stem from the same source. On the reverse, in Iraq as well as in Europe as well as everywhere isn’t the field of independent struggle, the only vantage point that can be used to preserve (and strengthen) the independence of nations? In the current conditions those cannot be separated from the fight to preserve the social gains and right; since it is the one and same fight against the system of private (capitalist) ownership of the means of production which cannot be separated from the struggle for socialism. December 14th 2003 Thorough allegiance to Bush. The summit of the 15 chiefs of states, besides the conclusion of the chair, adopted a “declaration concerning transatlantic relation” as an attachment. Let us simply quote a few excerpts of what can pass for an ode celebrating the allegeance to American imperialism and to Bush for one: “§1: Nothing can replace Transatlantic relationship. §2: Our partnership with the United States and with Canada is anchored in shared values and common interests.(.) §7: The EU-NATO bonds are an important expression of Transatlantic partnership. §8: The EU rejoices over the encouraging results of the meeting that was held on November 18th with State Secretary Colin Powell. §9: Transatlantic relation extends far beyond governments. It is founded on the links between corporations and societies.” Is it necessary to add that this declaration of allegeance was unanimously adopted on December 12th, at the beginning of the summit? And Silvio Berlusconi, chairman of the European Council stated that this agreement “acknowledges the importance of NATO” and will certainly be viewed with favour by our American friends” (AFP, December 12th)
France (continued): “A complete reassessment of American policy towards Europe.” The “Weekly Standard”, a nearly institutional discussion circle of American top executives, advocated a complete reassessment of American policy towards Europe. To quote what they wrote in this magazine: American imperialism, attending its own advantage, supported, and was even a driving force of “European integration” (the euro, the Maastricht treaty and others) considering it facilitated the opening up of European markets, their deregulation and the dismantling of European nations. But today, more than before, capitalist Europe can exist only if it bows to the USA’s requirements. The deep-seated crisis of the system of private ownership of the means of production, the fierce competitiveness that it brings about over the control of markets whose capacities of absorption are increasingly limited, demand – from the most powerful imperialism’s standpoint – that the noose round Europe’s neck should be tighter so that its governments are left with no leeway concerning their economy, policies and military commitments. The euro has increased 45% to the dollar and this is choking the economies of European countries. The framework is unreservedly accepted by all the European governments; it drives them to launch onslaughts against all the labour and democratic rights and the slightest advances of civilisation with unprecedented fierceness. The “Weekly Standard”, standing as a political representative of imperialist interests even has to issue a stern warning: “ Finally, American decision-makers should know that the most serious threat to the United States, resulting from European ambitions comes from Europe’s domestic situation” It explains: “European people are horrified when they witness the loss of sovereignty already sustained to the benefit of Brussels. The dynamic of European integration is not popular with people, only with political élites, and people are increasingly grumbling about it (.) there are signs of deeper political unrest (.) Those last three years, people in Ireland and Denmark voted against the high-flying plans of European integration and the pre-September 14th referendum surveys in Sweden hint that Swedish people might inflict a further punishment to the Euro-federalists –(Actually, Swedish people voted NO to the euro –Ed.note) . The risks for Europe’s stability are obvious.” It calls the American government to take a soberer stand– “The only thing that might drive Europeans forward in their projects would be the idea that the United States are throwing hurdles in their path” - Among others, the article recommends a radical alteration of the American military and diplomatic outlay in Europe: “To strengthen the political and military links between the United States and Eastern Europeans. To relocate our troops that are currently stationed in Germany to Bulgaria, Romania and even other countries might be beneficial, as was the proposal to the Poles to have a leading role to play in post-war Iraq.” Doesn’t this explain the new show of force during the negotiation between European governments that prevented them from adopting the draft “Constitution”? Why was the December 12th and 13th European summit unable to adopt the draft European “Constitution”, thus stepping up an unprecedented crisis in the European Union? The answer lies in part across the Atlantic. The “Weekly Standard” is an influential political weekly of the “neo-conservative” trend of the American bourgeoisie that supported Bush’s foreign policy. On its front page of last September 22nd issue, it bore the unequivocal headline: “Against United Europe”, and further specified: “A new European super-state is doubtlessly not in the interest of Europeans and certainly not in America’s.” That is war… THE EURO STRIKES A NEW HISTORICAL HIGH Washington, December 15th (AFP) The euro reached another historical high last Monday: $1.2322. American leaders are always stating they want a strong currency but they also carefully say that its value should be set by the market, which is understood as a signal that the government is quite content with a lower greenback. It is the euro that has gained on the dollar since it has raised by 45% since 2001. To deregulate through and through, the European summit was unanimous and no less than 94 points were adopted within a two hours’ lapse. The December 12th and 13th European summit of 15 chiefs of states and governments had started with “current affairs” before stumbling on the now well known hurdle of the draft European Constitution. The summit had started on Friday 12th at 2p.m.; as early as 4.30 (probably even before) the chair’s conclusions, i.e. the summit’s decisions, could be read on its website. The conclusions numbered no less than 94 points! Among those:
Those are a few features of what 15 chiefs of states and governments hastily packed away: they all agree to privatise on, to deregulate and undermine democracy, with or without any draft European Constitution.
Great Britain : OPEN LETTER TO LABOUR MP's With the European Constitution , What will be left of the ability of the Labour Party' s elected representatives to act on their mandate and renationalise the railways ? We, the undersigned, members of the "National Committee of Labour Party members and affiliated trade unionists to reclaim the party, to say no to the European Constitution", are addressing this open letter to our Labour MP's because we think that the time has now come to say that it is everyone's responsibility to oppose the European Constitution if we wish to reclaim the party, if we wish to save the Labour Party. (…) The very existence of the organised labour movement - the Labour Party and the trade unions - is under threat from the forward march to a European Constitution (…). The subjection to Brussels of the national framework and its ultimate destruction goes hand in hand with the destruction/co-option of the trade unions and their subjection to Brussels via the ETUC, whose General Secretary has launched a campaign for the ratification of the so-called European Constitution. How dare the ETUC campaign - on behalf of all the European unions - for the ratification of the European constitution, when it has not even been discussed in the national unions. Has any national union in our country, has the TUC discussed and approved the issue? (…). From now on, the principle of the primacy of European law is included in the constitutional records that grant the institutions of the European Union permanent powers of a quasi-dictatorial nature, with which it denies any notion of sovereignty to the parliamentary representation of the peoples of Europe (…). The Labour Party was founded a century ago to give political and parliamentary representation to the working class organised in the trade unions. (…). At the next election, we want a majority of Labour MPs to be returned to the Commons on the basis of the Labour Party's founding values. What will be left of the ability of the Labour Party's elected representatives to promote labour interests when the proposed European Constitution, if approved, will establish the precedence of European laws and directives over our national laws? Articles 10 and 32 of the draft Constitution are very clear on this point. What will be left of the ability of the Labour Party' s elected representatives to act on their mandate and renationalise the railways, when it will be illegal under the European Constitution, because it is forbidden by the European Directive on transport? What will be left of the ability of the Labour Party' s elected representatives to act on their mandate and reverse the introduction of foundation hospitals, when it will be illegal under the European Constitution, because they are imposed by the European Green Book recommending that public services be replaced with Services of General Interest that can be provided by both public OR private companies. (…). It is because we are fighting to reclaim the Labour Party which was hijacked by Blair and New Labour, it is because we are fighting to return the party to its legitimate owners, that we are fighting to defend the organic link through which Labour Party’s parliamentary representatives give a voice in Parliament to the organised labour movement. This is why we call on you to oppose a project which would ultimately lead to the destruction of the Party you represent in Parliament. (…). Today in Britain there is a proposal to create nine regional assemblies directly linked to the nine regional development agencies that are already in place. These regional assemblies will apply the EU principle of subsidiarity, which involves total submission to the decisions taken in Brussels (…). What Blair and New Labour are preparing to do is to destroy every national negotiating structure, intending to force trade unions to negotiate region by region, effectively in competition with each other, which would lead finally to the break-up of the trade unions as national structures. All this is intended to take place within a framework where the whole parliamentary and legislative system would be completely subject to Brussels in the application of the European Constitution. Is it possible that Labour MPs elected by British workers could vote for an EU Constitution with these consequences? It is impossible. You have the responsibility to say NO! Vote against any approval of the EU Constitution. SAY NO TO THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION! SAY NO TO THE EURO! DOWN WITH THE EUROPE OF REGIONS!
Spain: “The regime is clinging to the EU in order to overcome its own crisis” Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Tenerife, Castellon. Numerous unity committees are being set up in towns and enterprises. On December 6th, the Spanish government celebrated the 25th anniversary of the referendum that, in 1978 adopted the country’s present Constitution. It was the outcome of the pact between the institutions inherited from Francois, among which the monarchy, and the parties that claimed they represented the interests of the working class and of the rights of Spain’s peoples. Its major purpose was to preserve the largest share possible of the dictatorship’s heritage. The present draft retains, even pushes its most anti-labour angles further. Twenty five years later, if they look beyond the official celebrations, the soberest commentators have to own that the Constitution has not moved closer to the solution of the essential problems, which workers and peoples had looked forward to after the death of Franco. All the issues raised in 1978 are surfacing again, with increased vigour. That is the case of the national question, as, to secure its own survival, the monarchic system had, during twenty-five years, fanned the smouldering conflicts between the peoples. Today, the regime is desperately clinging to the European “Constitution” in an effort to overcome its own crisis which is fuelled by the ever increasing contradiction between the institutions inherited from Francois and the very existence of organised labour as well as the aspirations of the peoples (Basque, Catalan and so on) An onslaught is being launched within the working class, making use of the ETUC, with the goal of driving trade unions into the battle to defend Giscard d’Estaing’s draft “Constitution. By the way, we have to underscore that some union leaders are quite “open” to the arguments developed in the campaign. Thus, brochures are published under the sponsorship of labour committees, “with the financial help of the European Commission” to show the European constitutional treaty as the most progressive in the world… In this context, a vast petition campaign is being waged across the whole country to say “NO to the European Constitution” and to set up unity committees in towns and enterprises. A dozen committees have already been set up: Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona, Castellon, Valencia, Seville, Tenerife and so on. Their goal is to raise the NO vote to the referendum that Aznar has set to be held on June 13th 2004. Therefore, despite all the hurdles, the debate that should not have taken place within trade unions is being activated. Especially in the two largest trade unions, the UGT and the workers’ committees, whose federal bureaux had nonetheless brought their support to the draft Constitution without any previous discussion, the workers committees setting themselves in the lead. Correspondent “Our very existence as trade unions is bound to rejecting corporatism” An interview of Roberto Tornamira, member of the confederal committee of the UGT. How does the Charter of Fundamental Rights that is part of the draft European “Constitution” bear on trade union gains and demands in Spain? Roberto Tornamira: Spanish workers and trade unions stand up for each one of the gains we wrenched after the death of Franco. Most have been enshrined in the labour Code. All the governments have steered towards lower levels of guarantees concerning collective agreements and retirement pension systems. The result was stiff resistance and several general strikes. Should the European constitution be adopted, I wonder if our labour code and our collective agreement may not become scraps of paper. For instance instead of Social Security based on solidarity funded by “delayed” wages [a part of the wages is paid into the Social Security, retirement pension and healthcare systems – TN] the draft European Constitution mentions “protection in case of maternity, illness, accident at the workplace, loss of autonomy or old age”. In the same way, the draft mentions “limitations to maximum workday” or “ conditions that are respectful of health”, “protection against unjustified lay-offs”; few concrete things and very hazy notions. Haziness does not make for guarantees. Total deregulation may lurk behind those words. In 1976, the UGT, a historical union, imposed union freedom. These last years, the UGT did not shrink from resorting to general strike to stave off Aznar’s demands that the measures of social dismantlement be supported. In that context, what is the meaning of this determination to bind unions to the Constitution and its implementation? The trade union I am a member of was able to face all the governments including Gonzalez, in order to defend labour rights. By tradition, we negotiate freely and abide by the mandate given by our members. During forty years, we have been persecuted because we refused to collaborate in any way with the fascist integrated union. Our very existence as trade unions is bound to rejecting corporatism. I feel that no one can ask that we turn into a conveyor belt for what the government and the European Commission decide. Anyway, the UGT is bound by the resolutions voted in its conventions, which are the outcome of democratic discussion and development. How is the draft European “Constitution” discussed within the Spanish labour movement? Our confederation executive bodies acknowledged the stand taken by the ETUC, which favours the Constitution. But there is much doubt among many of the union members I work with, as we are daily faced with the bosses’ abuses; they ask questions about likely changes in social rights and also about our union’s practice. There are many misgivings over the fact that the European Constitution will have primacy over the Spanish Constitution, yet, the official talk is that it is intangible… On that subject, the socialist regrouping I belong to launched a discussion within the trade union. We are due to hold our first meeting at headquarters next week. I believe such discussion should take place throughout the trade union, that is what I am fighting for. Correspondent The nine Spanish delegates who attended the September 20th and 21st European Encounter in Paris have decided to launch the following appeal: “We call on to set up unity committees against the European “Constitution”. “We have come to the conclusion that the draft Constitution embodies further attacks at social rights, public services, democracy in each country and threatens the independence of our organisations which are a weapon we need to defend our rights. That is why, starting from different political and trade union stands, we launch an appeal to united action in defence of social rights and public services. We appeal to set up everywhere unity committees of workers and young people to reject that Constitution and promote the broadest possible debate to publicise the true meaning of this destructive project among the whole population, to favour a documented stand in the next referendum.” Jesus Bejar member of Labour Commissions, Madrid; Manuel Arroyo, UGT member Madrid; José Sanchez, UGT member Madrid; Alberto Gonzalez, UGT member Madrid; Luis Gonzalez, member of Labour Commissions, Seville; Jose Luis Vinatea, UGT member Cantabria; Maria Jesus Fernandez, UGT member, Vizcaya; Blas Ortega, UGT member, Valencia; Juanjo Llorente, member of Labour Commissions, Valencia.
Germany:
“We shall not let the sovereignty we reconquered in 1989
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Open World Conference of Workers